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Particle Board Production Process
The manufacturing of particle board is a highly automated continuous process comprising seven core stages:
1. Raw Material Preparation: Wood raw materials (logs, branches, wood processing residues) are chipped into wood flakes, then further processed into qualified particles by flakers or grinders.
2. Drying and Screening: Wet particles are dried to a moisture content of 3-5% using rotor or drum dryers, then separated into fine surface layer material and coarse core layer material through a screening system.
3. Blending and Glue Application: Dried particles are uniformly mixed with adhesive (typically urea-formaldehyde resin or MDI glue) in high-speed blenders, with different glue amounts and formulations for surface and core layers.
4. Mat Forming: Glue-coated particles are layered into an even mat via the precision forming system, a critical step determining the uniformity of board quality.
5. Hot Pressing and Curing: The mat is fed into the heavy-duty hot press, where adhesives cure under high temperature (180-220°C) and pressure (2.5-4.0 MPa) to form a solid board.
6. Post-rocessing: Pressed rough boards undergo cooling, sanding, trimming, and inspection to become finished boards of standard dimensions.
7. Packaging and Storage: Finished products are sorted by grade and specification, automatically packaged, and stored.
Core equipment of the production line
1.Raw material preparation equipment
This part of the equipment is responsible for processing raw wood into qualified particle boards, which is the foundation for ensuring the stability of subsequent processes.
Chipper: Cuts raw materials like logs, branches, and board trimmings into uniform wood chips. Modern lines often employ Drum Chippers, known for high output and consistent chip size (typically 16-30mm in length), which is crucial for subsequent flaking.
Flaker/Grinder: Core equipment for reducing wood chips into particles. Ring Flakers produce high-quality flat flakes with good strength, while Twin-Drum Grinders process smaller chips and sawdust into granular particles with high yield. They are often used in combination.
Screening & Re-Crushing System: Consists of Vibrating Screens and Re-Crushers. Screens classify particles by size: removing fine dust, sending qualified wood chips to the next stage, and directing oversized particles to re-crushers. This ensures consistent particle size for drying and forming.
2. Drying, sizing and mixing process equipment
This process is crucial for controlling the moisture content of the particle board and ensuring the uniformity of sizing, as it directly affects the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of the finished board.
Rotary Drum Dryer: Key equipment for reducing particle moisture (from ~50% to 3-5%). Three-Pass Dryers are most common, where particles move spirally through three concentric drums, ensuring full contact with hot air, high thermal efficiency, and reduced fire risk. Equipped with intelligent temperature control to prevent scorching.
Blender: Equipment for uniformly mixing particles with adhesive (e.g., UF, MDI). High-Speed Ring Blenders are industry standard, where glue is atomized and sprayed into rapidly tumbling particles, ensuring each particle is coated. The core is the precise metering and spray control system, with glue application accuracy within ±1%.
Glue Preparation & Supply System: A complete chemical plant section, including resin reactors, hardener/additive dosing units, glue pumps, and insulated pipelines. It supplies the blender with consistent, temperature-controlled glue, ensuring continuous production.
3. Post-processing equipment: After the sheet material comes out of the hot press machine, it needs to go through these processing equipment before it can become the final product.
Cooling & Turnover Unit: Hot-pressed boards are extremely hot (>160°C) and require forced cooling below 50°C to prevent warping and stabilize internal stress. This unit uses fans and a turnover mechanism to evenly cool boards during slow conveyance.
Sanding Machine: Core equipment determining final thickness accuracy and surface quality. Modern lines are equipped with 4 or 6-head Wide-Belt Sanders. They remove the “pre-cured layer” and thickness deviation via coarse sanding (calibration) and fine sanding (polishing), achieving a mirror-smooth surface and thickness tolerance of ±0.1mm.
Cross-Cut & Trim Saws: Cuts large panels into standard sizes (e.g., 1220x2440mm). Employs an automated cross-cutting first, then rip-cutting system driven by servo motors for precise positioning and smooth edges, eliminating secondary processing.
Automatic Stacking & Packaging Line: The final section, enabling fully automatic grading, stacking, wrapping (or corner protection), and strapping. It uses vision systems or online inspection data to grade boards and stack them per preset patterns, drastically reducing labor and ensuring perfect presentation.
4. Supporting and auxiliary systems: These systems are akin to the "blood vessels" and "nerve network" of a production line. Although they do not directly process materials, they are of vital importance.
Heat Energy Center: The "heart" of the production line, providing a stable heat source for dryers and hot presses. It usually uses wood waste (such as bark and sanding powder) as fuel to achieve self-sufficiency in energy and recycling, which is crucial for energy conservation and environmental protection.
Central dust removal system: This system is responsible for collecting wood dust from all dust-generating points along the production line (especially at the sawing and sanding areas), ensuring a clean and safe production environment. The collected dust can also be reused as fuel.
Electrical automation control system: The "brain" of the production line. Based on industrial PCs, PLCs and distributed I/O, it enables real-time monitoring of thousands of process parameters, automatic adjustment, fault diagnosis and production data management, embodying intelligent production.
1. Hot Press System
The hot press is the “heart” of the particle board production line, directly determining the board’s physical and mechanical properties as well as production efficiency.
Main Types and Technical Features:
Multi-Opening Hot Press: A traditional mainstream system, typically comprising 10-30 platens, each holding one mat. It uses a hydraulic system to provide closing pressure, with platens heated by steam or thermal oil. Advantages include mature technology and relatively low investment, suitable for producing boards of various specifications. Its disadvantage is intermittent production with relatively lower efficiency.
Continuous Press: A modern high-efficiency system where the mat continuously passes between two large steel belts through a heated press section. It offers significant advantages: continuous production, extremely high efficiency (speeds up to 1000-1500 mm/min), low energy consumption, more uniform board density, and minimal thickness deviation (±0.15mm). It is particularly suitable for large-scale production of single specifications but requires high investment costs.
Core Technical Parameters:
Working Pressure: 2.5-4.0 MPa
Heating Method: Steam heating (180-210°C) or thermal oil heating (200-220°C)
Closing Time: 30-60 seconds for multi-opening presses; continuous for continuous presses
Pressure Control: Proportional hydraulic system capable of precisely controlling pressure changes according to preset curves
2. Forming System
The forming system is the “brain” of the particle board line, determining the structural uniformity and final quality of the board.
System Components and Working Principle:
Metering System: Precisely controls the amount of surface and core layer particles entering the forming head, utilizing electronic belt scales and nuclear scales to ensure metering accuracy within ±1%.
Forming Head: The core device, categorized into mechanical forming heads and air-felt forming heads. Modern production lines often employ combined mechanical-air forming technology.
Mechanical Forming Head: Achieves uniform particle distribution via forming rollers with scrapers or belt formers, suitable for coarse particle forming.
Air-Felt Forming Head: Utilizes aerodynamic principles, allowing fine particles to settle uniformly under airflow, especially suitable for even forming of fine surface layer material.
Online Detection and Feedback System: Employs beta-ray or X-ray scanners to monitor mat density in real-time, with data fed back to the control system for automatic adjustment of forming parameters.
Key Technical Advantages:
Enables “fine-coarse-fine” three-layer or multi-layer structural forming, optimizing board performance.
Forming density deviation can be controlled within ±3%.
Allows flexible adjustment of forming structure and ratio according to product requirements.
An advanced particleboard production line is a highly coordinated system. From the size control of raw material preparation, to the stable process of drying and gluing, and to the precise processing in the post-treatment stage, the performance of each piece of equipment directly affects the quality, cost and production efficiency of the final board.
Technical Advantages of the Production Line
1. High Efficiency and Productivity: Continuous press lines can achieve an annual capacity of over 300,000 cubic meters, with production speeds 2-3 times faster than traditional multi-opening presses.
2. Exceptional Product Quality: The precision forming system ensures highly uniform board density distribution; the heavy-duty hot press guarantees excellent physical and mechanical properties (internal bond strength ≥0.45MPa, modulus of rupture ≥16MPa).
3. Superior Environmental Performance: Advanced glue application technology can reduce adhesive usage by 10-15%; the drying system achieves thermal energy recovery efficiency over 80%; compatible with renewable raw materials like agricultural residues.
4. High Automation and Intelligence: The entire line employs PLC/DCS control systems, enabling one-button start/stop, fault diagnosis, and automatic optimization of process parameters, reducing manual intervention and improving operational stability.
5. Flexible Production Adaptability: The same line can produce boards of different thicknesses (2-40mm), densities (550-750 kg/m³), and specifications, with quick changeover of production recipes.
6. Excellent Energy Consumption Performance: Continuous presses are 20-30% more energy-efficient than traditional multi-opening presses, with overall line energy consumption below 180 kWh/m³.
Application Areas of Particle Board
1. Furniture Manufacturing: Primarily used for cabinet bodies, back panels, and drawer bottoms in panel furniture, accounting for over 60% of total particle board consumption. Surfaces can be laminated with melamine-impregnated paper, PVC, wood veneer, etc.
2. Construction and Interior Decoration: Used for indoor partition walls, ceiling substrates, floor underlayment, door cores, etc. Moisture-resistant particle board can be used in damp environments like kitchens and bathrooms.
3. Packaging Industry: Manufacture of heavy-duty packaging cases, pallets, and logistics pallet boards, replacing some solid wood packaging materials.
4. Audio Equipment: Utilizes its uniform porous structure as a premium material for speaker enclosures, offering good acoustic properties.
5. Other Applications: Exhibition displays, store shelving, interior doors, stair treads, etc.
For more information, welcome contact us, we will reply you quickly and offer working videos with you.
Whatsapp: +8618769900191 +8615589105786 +8618954906501
Email: osbmdfmachinery@gmail.com
Particle Board Production Process
The manufacturing of particle board is a highly automated continuous process comprising seven core stages:
1. Raw Material Preparation: Wood raw materials (logs, branches, wood processing residues) are chipped into wood flakes, then further processed into qualified particles by flakers or grinders.
2. Drying and Screening: Wet particles are dried to a moisture content of 3-5% using rotor or drum dryers, then separated into fine surface layer material and coarse core layer material through a screening system.
3. Blending and Glue Application: Dried particles are uniformly mixed with adhesive (typically urea-formaldehyde resin or MDI glue) in high-speed blenders, with different glue amounts and formulations for surface and core layers.
4. Mat Forming: Glue-coated particles are layered into an even mat via the precision forming system, a critical step determining the uniformity of board quality.
5. Hot Pressing and Curing: The mat is fed into the heavy-duty hot press, where adhesives cure under high temperature (180-220°C) and pressure (2.5-4.0 MPa) to form a solid board.
6. Post-rocessing: Pressed rough boards undergo cooling, sanding, trimming, and inspection to become finished boards of standard dimensions.
7. Packaging and Storage: Finished products are sorted by grade and specification, automatically packaged, and stored.
Core equipment of the production line
1.Raw material preparation equipment
This part of the equipment is responsible for processing raw wood into qualified particle boards, which is the foundation for ensuring the stability of subsequent processes.
Chipper: Cuts raw materials like logs, branches, and board trimmings into uniform wood chips. Modern lines often employ Drum Chippers, known for high output and consistent chip size (typically 16-30mm in length), which is crucial for subsequent flaking.
Flaker/Grinder: Core equipment for reducing wood chips into particles. Ring Flakers produce high-quality flat flakes with good strength, while Twin-Drum Grinders process smaller chips and sawdust into granular particles with high yield. They are often used in combination.
Screening & Re-Crushing System: Consists of Vibrating Screens and Re-Crushers. Screens classify particles by size: removing fine dust, sending qualified wood chips to the next stage, and directing oversized particles to re-crushers. This ensures consistent particle size for drying and forming.
2. Drying, sizing and mixing process equipment
This process is crucial for controlling the moisture content of the particle board and ensuring the uniformity of sizing, as it directly affects the bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of the finished board.
Rotary Drum Dryer: Key equipment for reducing particle moisture (from ~50% to 3-5%). Three-Pass Dryers are most common, where particles move spirally through three concentric drums, ensuring full contact with hot air, high thermal efficiency, and reduced fire risk. Equipped with intelligent temperature control to prevent scorching.
Blender: Equipment for uniformly mixing particles with adhesive (e.g., UF, MDI). High-Speed Ring Blenders are industry standard, where glue is atomized and sprayed into rapidly tumbling particles, ensuring each particle is coated. The core is the precise metering and spray control system, with glue application accuracy within ±1%.
Glue Preparation & Supply System: A complete chemical plant section, including resin reactors, hardener/additive dosing units, glue pumps, and insulated pipelines. It supplies the blender with consistent, temperature-controlled glue, ensuring continuous production.
3. Post-processing equipment: After the sheet material comes out of the hot press machine, it needs to go through these processing equipment before it can become the final product.
Cooling & Turnover Unit: Hot-pressed boards are extremely hot (>160°C) and require forced cooling below 50°C to prevent warping and stabilize internal stress. This unit uses fans and a turnover mechanism to evenly cool boards during slow conveyance.
Sanding Machine: Core equipment determining final thickness accuracy and surface quality. Modern lines are equipped with 4 or 6-head Wide-Belt Sanders. They remove the “pre-cured layer” and thickness deviation via coarse sanding (calibration) and fine sanding (polishing), achieving a mirror-smooth surface and thickness tolerance of ±0.1mm.
Cross-Cut & Trim Saws: Cuts large panels into standard sizes (e.g., 1220x2440mm). Employs an automated cross-cutting first, then rip-cutting system driven by servo motors for precise positioning and smooth edges, eliminating secondary processing.
Automatic Stacking & Packaging Line: The final section, enabling fully automatic grading, stacking, wrapping (or corner protection), and strapping. It uses vision systems or online inspection data to grade boards and stack them per preset patterns, drastically reducing labor and ensuring perfect presentation.
4. Supporting and auxiliary systems: These systems are akin to the "blood vessels" and "nerve network" of a production line. Although they do not directly process materials, they are of vital importance.
Heat Energy Center: The "heart" of the production line, providing a stable heat source for dryers and hot presses. It usually uses wood waste (such as bark and sanding powder) as fuel to achieve self-sufficiency in energy and recycling, which is crucial for energy conservation and environmental protection.
Central dust removal system: This system is responsible for collecting wood dust from all dust-generating points along the production line (especially at the sawing and sanding areas), ensuring a clean and safe production environment. The collected dust can also be reused as fuel.
Electrical automation control system: The "brain" of the production line. Based on industrial PCs, PLCs and distributed I/O, it enables real-time monitoring of thousands of process parameters, automatic adjustment, fault diagnosis and production data management, embodying intelligent production.
1. Hot Press System
The hot press is the “heart” of the particle board production line, directly determining the board’s physical and mechanical properties as well as production efficiency.
Main Types and Technical Features:
Multi-Opening Hot Press: A traditional mainstream system, typically comprising 10-30 platens, each holding one mat. It uses a hydraulic system to provide closing pressure, with platens heated by steam or thermal oil. Advantages include mature technology and relatively low investment, suitable for producing boards of various specifications. Its disadvantage is intermittent production with relatively lower efficiency.
Continuous Press: A modern high-efficiency system where the mat continuously passes between two large steel belts through a heated press section. It offers significant advantages: continuous production, extremely high efficiency (speeds up to 1000-1500 mm/min), low energy consumption, more uniform board density, and minimal thickness deviation (±0.15mm). It is particularly suitable for large-scale production of single specifications but requires high investment costs.
Core Technical Parameters:
Working Pressure: 2.5-4.0 MPa
Heating Method: Steam heating (180-210°C) or thermal oil heating (200-220°C)
Closing Time: 30-60 seconds for multi-opening presses; continuous for continuous presses
Pressure Control: Proportional hydraulic system capable of precisely controlling pressure changes according to preset curves
2. Forming System
The forming system is the “brain” of the particle board line, determining the structural uniformity and final quality of the board.
System Components and Working Principle:
Metering System: Precisely controls the amount of surface and core layer particles entering the forming head, utilizing electronic belt scales and nuclear scales to ensure metering accuracy within ±1%.
Forming Head: The core device, categorized into mechanical forming heads and air-felt forming heads. Modern production lines often employ combined mechanical-air forming technology.
Mechanical Forming Head: Achieves uniform particle distribution via forming rollers with scrapers or belt formers, suitable for coarse particle forming.
Air-Felt Forming Head: Utilizes aerodynamic principles, allowing fine particles to settle uniformly under airflow, especially suitable for even forming of fine surface layer material.
Online Detection and Feedback System: Employs beta-ray or X-ray scanners to monitor mat density in real-time, with data fed back to the control system for automatic adjustment of forming parameters.
Key Technical Advantages:
Enables “fine-coarse-fine” three-layer or multi-layer structural forming, optimizing board performance.
Forming density deviation can be controlled within ±3%.
Allows flexible adjustment of forming structure and ratio according to product requirements.
An advanced particleboard production line is a highly coordinated system. From the size control of raw material preparation, to the stable process of drying and gluing, and to the precise processing in the post-treatment stage, the performance of each piece of equipment directly affects the quality, cost and production efficiency of the final board.
Technical Advantages of the Production Line
1. High Efficiency and Productivity: Continuous press lines can achieve an annual capacity of over 300,000 cubic meters, with production speeds 2-3 times faster than traditional multi-opening presses.
2. Exceptional Product Quality: The precision forming system ensures highly uniform board density distribution; the heavy-duty hot press guarantees excellent physical and mechanical properties (internal bond strength ≥0.45MPa, modulus of rupture ≥16MPa).
3. Superior Environmental Performance: Advanced glue application technology can reduce adhesive usage by 10-15%; the drying system achieves thermal energy recovery efficiency over 80%; compatible with renewable raw materials like agricultural residues.
4. High Automation and Intelligence: The entire line employs PLC/DCS control systems, enabling one-button start/stop, fault diagnosis, and automatic optimization of process parameters, reducing manual intervention and improving operational stability.
5. Flexible Production Adaptability: The same line can produce boards of different thicknesses (2-40mm), densities (550-750 kg/m³), and specifications, with quick changeover of production recipes.
6. Excellent Energy Consumption Performance: Continuous presses are 20-30% more energy-efficient than traditional multi-opening presses, with overall line energy consumption below 180 kWh/m³.
Application Areas of Particle Board
1. Furniture Manufacturing: Primarily used for cabinet bodies, back panels, and drawer bottoms in panel furniture, accounting for over 60% of total particle board consumption. Surfaces can be laminated with melamine-impregnated paper, PVC, wood veneer, etc.
2. Construction and Interior Decoration: Used for indoor partition walls, ceiling substrates, floor underlayment, door cores, etc. Moisture-resistant particle board can be used in damp environments like kitchens and bathrooms.
3. Packaging Industry: Manufacture of heavy-duty packaging cases, pallets, and logistics pallet boards, replacing some solid wood packaging materials.
4. Audio Equipment: Utilizes its uniform porous structure as a premium material for speaker enclosures, offering good acoustic properties.
5. Other Applications: Exhibition displays, store shelving, interior doors, stair treads, etc.
For more information, welcome contact us, we will reply you quickly and offer working videos with you.
Whatsapp: +8618769900191 +8615589105786 +8618954906501
Email: osbmdfmachinery@gmail.com
