China Wood Based Panel Machinery Development

Keywords: #Chinawoodbasedpanelmachinery #Chinawoodbasedpanelmachinerydevelopment

● DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION

By 1994, China's wood-based panel machinery had basically acquired the ability to conduct independent research and development in line with the world's advanced level. Thanks to the country's concentrated material and financial resources to introduce international advanced technology after the reform and opening up, in 1979, Beijing Timber Factory introduced a single-layer press production line with an annual output of 30,000 m³ of particleboard from BISON, a company in the Federal Republic of Germany [1]. In 1980, Fuzhou Wood-Based Panel Factory signed a contract to introduce a 50,000 m³ medium-density fiberboard production line from Washington Iron Works, the United States, and began to organize enterprises to digest and absorb [2]. In particular, in 1984, Shenyang Heavy Machinery Factory (hereinafter referred to as Shenyang Heavy Machinery Factory) and BISON, a company in the Federal Republic of Germany, signed a "Technology Transfer and Cooperative Manufacturing of a Complete Set of Particleboard Equipment with an Annual Output of 50,000 m³" contract, jointly with the Forest Products Industry Design Institute of the Ministry of Forestry and the manufacturing enterprises under the China Forestry Machinery Corporation, and planned to jointly manufacture 10 sets of particleboard production lines in 10 years. The proportion of equipment manufactured by the Chinese side gradually increased from the initial 20% to 90%, and the German side provided the manufacturing technology of the full set of equipment, including drawings, processes, personnel training, equipment quality inspection, etc. [3]. Through technology introduction and cooperative manufacturing, as well as continuous independent equipment research and development and multiple rounds of technological transformation, after the practice of designing, manufacturing, building, debugging and producing dozens of production lines, the ability of independent design and development and full-line production and operation and maintenance has been comprehensively improved in terms of engineering design, manufacturing processing, production technology, and technical personnel.

1) Engineering design: Through participating in the engineering design practice of introducing production lines, cooperative manufacturing production lines, and independent research and development production lines, a number of forestry engineering design institutes have mature engineering design capabilities for artificial board production lines, including the Forest Products Industry Design Institute of the Ministry of Forestry, Hunan Agricultural and Forestry Industry Survey and Design Institute, Fujian Forestry Survey and Design Institute, Southwest Forestry Survey and Design Institute of the Ministry of Forestry, Guangdong Forestry Survey and Design Institute and other professional engineering design units. They are active in the north and south of the country, carrying out feasibility studies and engineering design work for artificial board production lines.

2) Manufacturing and processing: With the introduction of technology and cooperative manufacturing, related manufacturing factories also began to purchase high-precision large-scale chambers, milling machines and CNC cutting equipment, so that the equipment manufacturing of wood-based panel machinery has the ability to produce large-surface finishing and large-scale frame manufacturing, including Shenyang Heavy Industry, Shanghai Wood-Based Panel Machinery Factory (hereinafter referred to as Shanghai Panel Machinery), Xinyang Woodworking Machinery Factory, Sichuan Donghua Machinery Factory, Kunming Wood-Based Panel Machinery Factory, Harbin Forestry Machinery Factory, Suzhou Forestry Machinery Factory, Zhenjiang Forestry Machinery Factory and many other professional wood-based panel machinery manufacturers. Shenyang Heavy Industry also established a 1:1 wood-based panel production process test workshop through the introduction of additive manufacturing. The production process of wood-based panels, equipment processing technology and product design technology are becoming more and more perfect, providing technical support for the development of wood-based panel machinery.

3) Equipment operation and maintenance: The training of a group of college talents and the operation of dozens of particleboard and medium-density fiberboard production lines have created a large number of technical experts in production operation and equipment maintenance, forming professional teams such as "imported particleboard", "Kunming production line", "Fuzhou fiberboard", "Shanghai production line", and "former state-owned enterprise", which are active in the completed and newly built production lines. The situation in the past that the maximum actual production capacity of both imported and domestic production lines could not reach the design capacity has been changed, and the ability to achieve full production and meet the standards of artificial board production lines has begun to be achieved.

● DEVELOPMENT HISTORY

In the 1990s, the demand for medium-density fiberboards (MDFs) increased rapidly due to the improvement of residents' housing conditions and the preference for MDFs in furniture production. Due to the limitation of supply and price, foreign advanced production line equipment could not meet China's demand for the construction of MDF production lines, which gave China's wood-based panel machinery manufacturing industry a good opportunity to follow the development of the world's wood-based panel machinery. In 1994, Shanghai Board Machinery independently developed a complete set of MDF equipment with an annual output of 15,000 m³, which was delivered to Jiangxi Yifeng Hongfeng Wood-Based Panel Co., Ltd. for installation and commissioning. The production line was localized based on the model of Siempelkamp of Germany. The whole line adopted PLC programmable control, and its performance was close to and reached the level of similar products in developed countries. In 1995, it passed the appraisal organized by the Shanghai Economic Commission [4]. During the same period, the 15,000 m³ medium-density fiberboard production line of Sichuan Donghua Machinery Factory passed the expert review organized by the Sichuan Machinery Department. It was considered that the complete set of equipment was developed in accordance with China's national conditions, with a high localization rate, reliable quality, and convenient operation and maintenance. It began to be used in Sichuan, Hunan, Guangdong, Shaanxi and other places, and passed the appraisal organized by the Ministry of Forestry in 1996 [3]. In May 1994, the 30,000 m³ medium-density fiberboard production line designed and manufactured by Shenyang Heavy Industry and equipped with a hot mill from Sweden's SUNDS company was loaded and tested at the joint venture Shenyang Fuyang Wood-Based Panel Co., Ltd. At the same time, domestic backbone wood-based panel machinery manufacturing enterprises also completed the development of a 15,000 m³ medium-density fiberboard production line. In 1995, the Northwest Wood-Based Panel Machinery Factory's 15,000 m³ medium-density production line was put into production in Zhangjiajie, Hunan. In 1996, Xinyang Woodworking Machinery Factory provided a set of 15,000 m³ single-layer hot press medium-density fiberboard production line to Hunan Huitong [3].

In order to improve the efficiency of the production line, the company increased the number of layers of the multi-layer hot press and improved the board loading method to shorten the auxiliary time. Based on the mature 15,000 m³ annual production line of medium-density fiberboard, it began to upgrade to 30,000 m³ and 50,000 m³ annual production lines. At the same time, it also adopted the self-developed double-width main machine and production line equipment + matching foreign large-capacity hot mill to increase the production line output to 80,000-100,000 m³ annual production. In 1996, Shanghai Board Machine's 30,000 m³ annual production line of medium-density fiberboard passed the expert appraisal organized by the Ministry of Forestry. It was the first set of 30,000 m³ annual production of medium-density fiberboard equipment developed completely independently in China [5]. At the end of 2001, Suzhou Sufuma Machinery Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Sufuma) put its first set of 30,000 m³ annual production line of medium-density fiberboard into operation at the Shenqiu Thermal Power Plant in Henan. In 2003, the 80,000 m³ medium-density fiberboard production line of Shanghai Board Machine passed the appraisal organized by the Shanghai Economic Commission. The main equipment technology has been greatly improved. The synchronous balance, position control, and simultaneous closing mechanism design technology of the 4'×16' double-width 15-layer hot press solved the loading and unloading difficulties of production lines with an annual output of more than 50,000 m³; the pre-installed board blank system with national patent technology was adopted, which greatly shortened the loading time. In 2004, the first double-width (4'×16') 80,000 m³ medium-density fiberboard production line developed by Sufuma was officially put into production at Jiangsu Liyang Fuhua Artificial Board Co., Ltd. [3]. After that, related equipment manufacturing companies began to develop 8'×16' multi-layer hot presses, making technological breakthroughs in production lines with an annual output of more than 100,000 m³, and formed a certain market scale.

In the 1990s, based on technology introduction and cooperative manufacturing, the new particleboard production line independently developed by China also entered the domestic market through improvement and perfection, and expanded in the direction of multiple varieties. In 1995, Shanghai Board Machine's 15,400 m3 particleboard production line was successfully tested at Cangjiang Timber Factory in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. The production line was also domestically produced based on the model of Germany's Siempelkamp Company and reached the level of similar foreign products after evaluation. In 1996, Suzhou Forestry Machinery Factory's 15,400 m3 particleboard production line was put into operation in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province. In 1997, Zhenjiang Forestry Machinery Factory's 15,000 m3 particleboard production line was established in Rizhao, Shandong Province. In 1995, the first domestic production line of 10,000 m3 oriented particleboard was completed and put into operation at Jianou Timber Factory in Fujian Province. In 1996, it passed the technical appraisal organized by the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Forestry. The production line was hosted by Nanjing Forestry University and jointly participated in the national "Eighth Five-Year Plan" scientific and technological research project by Zhenjiang Forestry Machinery Factory, Shanghai Board Machine and Fujian Jianou Timber Factory, forming its own characteristics and innovations [6]. In 1997, Shandong Luzhong New Building Materials Co., Ltd., which was provided with complete equipment by Harbin Forestry Machinery Factory, put into operation a 10,000 m³ cement particleboard production line per year. In 1998, Zhenjiang Forestry Machinery Factory settled in Hongjiang, Hunan with a 15,000 m³ bamboo-wood composite particleboard production line per year. In 1999, the first domestically produced 15,000 m³ gypsum particleboard production line provided by Zhenjiang Forestry Machinery Factory was put into operation at Ordos Dongsheng Hongye Artificial Board Co., Ltd. in Inner Mongolia [3]. In 2000, the first domestically produced 30,000 m³ molded fly ash cement particleboard production line provided by Xinyang Woodworking Machinery Co., Ltd. was put into operation in Nanjing [3, 7]. In 2003, Xinyang Woodworking Machinery Co., Ltd. took the lead in launching China's first 50,000 m³ straw particleboard production line per year, filling a domestic gap.

● DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS

In the early 1980s, the manufacturing of wood-based panel machinery in China was basically at the level of mapping and imitating, exploring and verifying the technical parameters of production lines, and matching auxiliary equipment for imported equipment from abroad. For example, Beijing Wood Factory introduced a single-layer press production line with an annual output of 30,000 m³ of particleboard from the Federal Republic of Germany's Buisson Company. In order to save foreign exchange, in addition to introducing 34 sets of main machines, the remaining 63 sets were matched by domestic manufacturers [9]. In 1983, 14 sets of particleboard production lines with a daily output of 50 m³ invested by the Ministry of Forestry and the State Bureau of Materials were put into production one after another [10]. At the same time, Shenzhong also relied on its own strength to design and put into use 8 particleboard production lines with a daily output of 50 m³ [11]. There were certain "innate deficiencies" in the design and equipment manufacturing of these production lines. After several rounds of continuous transformation and technical force training, coupled with the transfer of complete equipment technology and cooperative manufacturing from the Federal Republic of Germany, by the 1990s, China's wood-based panel machinery had developed to the level of independent research and development following the world's advanced level, and formed a relevant development and development model.

1) Completely independent research and development model. The 15,000 m³/year MDF production line was developed using an independent research and development model, including the development of the then-advanced wood chip air separation technology, the M101 proprietary hot mill, the development of the Italian IMAL fiber gluing system, the American-style mechanical vacuum adsorption paving, the Swedish SUNDS-style 3-stage pressurized continuous pre-pressing machine, and the localization of the multi-layer hot press machine with a padless loading machine close to the level of the Federal Republic of Germany. The performance of the entire line is close to the international level [3]. In the first domestic production line of 10,000 m³/year oriented strand board, we have formed our own special technologies in process scheme design, process parameter formulation, and equipment structure research and development. We have developed key oriented strand board equipment such as the knife-shaft long material shaving machine, channel dryer, drum glue mixer, oriented paving machine, and single-layer hot press [6].

2) Independent research and development + introduction of supporting models. The development model of Shenyang Heavy Industry's whole-line design and manufacturing + the matching hot mill of Sweden's SUNDS company, the annual production of 30,000 m³ medium-density fiberboard production line was tested in the joint venture Shenyang Fuyang Wood-Based Panel Co., Ltd. in May 1994; the annual production capacity of 80,000 to 100,000 m³ medium-density fiberboard production line designed and manufactured by Shanghai Banji, equipped with the 45/49-1CP hot mill of Austria's Andritz, has been launched in China for nearly 40 sets, which is called the "Chuzhou model".

3) Technology introduction and localization + proprietary structure design and parameter establishment model. The wood-based panel production line can reach production standards and achieve a breakthrough in the designed production capacity. The use of hot oil as the heating medium plays a key role in the wood-based panel production line. Starting with the introduction of the thermal energy plant of Vyncke, Belgium, the bottleneck restricting the increase in the production capacity of wood-based panels has been broken. After the technology was introduced, domestic manufacturers carried out system development and structural design based on China's national conditions, established their own parameter calculation and selection system, and independently designed and manufactured energy centers that use hot oil as the heat medium, and can also provide hot air and steam as needed.

Now China wood based panel machinery develop better and  better, there are some good and mature machinery manufacturer. 

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